Word: nuclear
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Molecular Beam. Stern and Rabi tackled the question: what holds the nucleus of an atom together? Its protons have positive charges which repel each other, yet the nucleus as a whole possesses a magnetic force that keeps them from breaking loose. Nuclear magnets are so small that for a long time no one knew how to measure them. But at Hamburg, where Rabi worked with Stern as a graduate student, Stern discovered...
Lofty Heads. New York Timesman Clarence Kirshman Streit, after a decade in Geneva observing the rise & fall of the League of Nations, published his Union Now in 1939. His basic proposal: that the "Atlantic democracies" (the U.S., Britain, France, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Belgium', the Scandinavian countries) form a "nuclear union" with common citizenship, currency, interstate trade, communications. Throughout the U.S., earnest, forward-looking citizens formed local committees to push the idea. Three years ago, in noisy convention at Cleveland, the local groups were consolidated as Federal Union...
Lippmann's conclusions are that an adoption of the pre-American system of European alliances of great nations is now essential; that "a nuclear alliance of Britain, Russia, America, and, if possible, China, cannot hold together if it does not operate within the limitations of an international order that preserves the national liberties of other peoples"; that these three or four great powers "will not remain united against the revival of German and Japanese military power" if they become postwar rivals in the domination of Europe or colonial countries; that nuclear alliances must be consolidated and perpetuated; that...
...American consumer, addicted for years to swearing by Camay, Camels, and Camphor, Ice, is in for a rude shock. His favorite brands may soon disappear from the market if the plans of WPB for concentrating civilian production in a few "nuclear" plants is adopted. Worried by the wastefulness of permitting every factory in an industry to spend most of its energies on war production and some of it in supplying civil markets, the concentration committee is drafting a program to allocate all non-essential production to a few plants which will give it their full attention. Brand-names and trademarks...
Atom-smashing machines-once the mysterious toys of theoretical physicists-have recently been put to everyday metallurgical chores: > In assaying ores, Geologists at M.I.T. have announced that when a sample of rock is bombarded with neutrons (heavy nuclear particles) from the cyclotron, some elements in the ore become radioactive and give off particles which can be detected either 1) on a photographic film in contact with the ore, or 2) with a Geiger counter, an instrument which clicks or marks a tape as each particle shoots through it. Since each element has a unique rate of radioactive decay (e.g., radioactivity...