Word: nuclear
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Collbohm channeled 95% of Rand brainpower into pure military research. The U.S. launched a successful intercontinental ballistic-missile program after Rand men argued that hard-to-deliver bombs would be less effective than small missile-mounted nuclear warheads. When another Rand study warned that existing intermediate Russian missiles could easily destroy U.S. SAC bases overseas, the Pentagon abandoned them at a saving of $1 billion a year. Currently, Rand experts are studying counterinsurgency techniques; its teams have served in Viet Nam for five years...
Since the days when the stethoscope and blood-pressure cuff were the only instruments that most doctors used, medical technology has acquired a huge array of machines - cryoprobes, air-driven bone saws, laser-beam knives, nuclear reactors to irradiate brain tumors. No less troublesome than the complexity of the devices is the lack of standardization: diathermy machines made by two manufacturers for the same purpose have dials calibrated on different scales, so doctors must translate one to the other for comparisons. And there is no assurance that either scale or machine is accurate...
...adapt the Army's liquid-fuel Jupiter missile for use on surface ships. This proved impractical, but the Navy within a year had made dramatic progress toward development of its own solid-fuel Polaris missile, and had also overcome many of the technical problems of designing a nuclear-powered submarine. The two programs logically became one. Working side by side, Admirals William F. Raborn (more recently head of the CIA) and Hyman Rickover headed a team that devised a complex navigational device that could plot the sub's movement under water and keep it synchronized with the weapons...
...Successor. The earliest class of subs carried 1,200-mile-range A-1 Polaris missiles. Now the Navy is on the way toward fitting most of the 41 missile-equipped subs with the 2,500-mile-range A-3 Polaris. Nuclear energy gives them unparalleled mobility and almost indefinite sea-keeping capacity; based in Spain, Guam and Scotland, they patrol up to 60 days each, returning to port to change their 140-man crews. Not surprisingly, the Soviet Union has tried to follow suit, is believed to have up to 15 nuclear-powered subs; each is equipped with three...
...projects together that none of them could have financed alone. In one such coalition, twelve universities stretching from Florida to Texas are currently engaged in a geological exploration of the Gulf of Mexico. One of the largest of the consortiums is that created by 74 schools to operate the nuclear reactors at the Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago...