Word: nuclear
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...world's first cloud billowed over Alamagordo 23 years ago this month, every U.S. President has hoped to cap his Administration with an agreement designed to avert nuclear Armageddon. Truman described it as "the one purpose that dominated me." Eisenhower called his failure to make any progress in the disarmament field "one of my major regrets." Kennedy's efforts to "get the genie back in the bottle" had some success in 1963's limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, and he considered it one of his greatest achievements. Now, in the waning months of his presidency, Lyndon Johnson...
During parallel ceremonies in Washington, London and Moscow, more than 60 nations last week signed a Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. At the same time, Johnson announced that the U.S. and the Soviet Union had agreed to start discussions about limiting and reducing both offensive nuclear weapons and anti-ballistic missiles. Close to Parity. Why were the Russians now ready to talk? For one thing, they may be convinced that the near future may bring a negotiated settlement of the Viet Nam war, which could allow Washington to channel billions of defense dollars into new weapons systems. For another, they...
...Illusions. The break in the ice left some U.S. officials notably cool. After Kosygin announced a nine-point program to halt the nuclear-arms race, one Washington official declared: "Most of that stuff is old garbage. It's a propaganda cover for the fact that their position is not formulated." Indeed, Kosygin's prospectus did have a ring of familiarity. Its major proposals -for limitations on the production of nuclear weapons and delivery systems, and restrictions on the movement of nuclear-armed bombers and missile-launching submarines-have been made before, but never came close to being implemented...
Still, as Lyndon Johnson put it, man must try to "shape his destiny in the nuclear age," and the President solemnly pledged all U.S. resources to help the world move "into the light of sanity and security...
...OPEN SKIES," 1955. At the Geneva summit conference, President Eisenhower suggested a bold plan for aerial surveillance of all military installations, including nuclear facilities. The idea had not been favored by most U.S. military men, and the Russians rejected it as an espionage ploy. The Russians countered with a ground checkup system -which Eisenhower accepted in principle-but the idea fell through when Moscow would allow only three token look-sees a year. Today there is still no formal inspection procedure, although satellite surveillance and seismic detection devices have made it easier to keep track of nuclear installations and large...