Word: nuclear
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Ayub did, however, win some handsome consolation prizes. Kosygin agreed to bankroll Pakistan's first steel mill, a $100 million project in Kalabagh with a capacity of up to a million tons a year. He also offered to provide help on a nuclear power plant at Ruppur in East Pakistan, a radio hookup between Pakistan and Russia, and a fishery development. Most of them planned for completion after 1970, these projects should provide a big boost for Pakistan's next five-year plan, which begins that year. The present one, even though slowed down by the war with...
Died. Charles C. Lauritsen, 76, nuclear physicist who built one of the earliest atom smashers and was part of the team that developed the atomic bomb; after a long illness; in Pasadena, Calif. Working at the California Institute of Technology in 1934, Lauritsen, with his atom smasher, became the first to produce neutrons with artificially accelerated particles...
...Program. The Germans solved the theoretical problems and designed the devices that eventually could have produced an Abomb. They even conducted crude H-bomb experiments. But their scientific skills were not equal to the problems of dictatorial politics. When they tried to persuade their government of the importance of nuclear energy, German physicists pointedly avoided using the word bomb; they were fearful that Hitler might order the immediate production of a nuclear weapon and hold them responsible if they failed to perfect one. Unconvinced of its military value, Nazi leaders gave their atomic energy program a relatively low priority; they...
Historian Irving argues that lack of governmental support was the basic cause of the Nazis' nuclear failure. But some of his anecdotes suggest that the German scientists themselves were at fault. After Physicist Walther Bothe calculated that graphite would not be an effective "moderator"-the material that slows down neutrons in a reactor-no German scientist thought to question him. Instead, the Germans turned to heavy water for a moderator. However, they were hamstrung for the remainder of the war when an Allied sabotage team crippled the world's only heavy-water plant, at Vemork in occupied Norway...
...troops captured the site of the final uranium pile in Haigerloch, Germany, accompanying U.S. scientists were astonished to discover that the Germans had made absolutely no provision for protecting themselves against atomic radiation. Had a successful chain reaction begun on the day of the last test, the Nazis' nuclear physicists would have been showered by a harmful, and perhaps lethal, burst of radiation...