Word: nuclearization
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Vital Difference. Basically, FOBS can pack the punch of some ICBMs-with a vital difference. Shot into a low orbit of 100 miles, the FOBS rocket slows and ejects its nuclear bomb before completing its route around the globe. This combination would prevent anti-ballistic missile radar (BMEWS), presently the U.S.'s main screen against surprise attack, from ascertaining the point of impact until the rocket "deboosts"-about three minutes and 500 miles from target. By contrast, the U.S. now has a 15-minute warning against ICBMs. Experts say that the Soviet FOBS could carry the maximum payload equivalent...
...vulnerable American bomber bases. While admitting that there is no foolproof defense against massive Soviet ICBM and FOBS attacks on cities, McNamara argued, as is his wont, that the best deterrent continues to be the immense target killing powers of the ground-based U.S. ICBM arsenal, the roughly 600 nuclear-armed strategic bombers and 650 Polaris missiles...
...years. In Fife, for example, U.S. and British electronics manufacturers have built more than 100 new factories in a California-type complex along the Firth of Forth. Today Scotland turns out more electronic computers than any other country except the U.S.; Scots generate more electric power per capita with nuclear reactors than any other country...
...protect U.S. civilians against attack from an enemy using them. "It is not safe for the U.S. to be ignorant of these powerful weapons," argues Penn Biochemist Knut A. Krieger, who directed the studies. Villard points out that secret anti-missile work is intended to help maintain the nuclear stalemate-which is the present best guarantee for peace...
...Bethe, 61, mainly for discoveries during the 1930s concerning the energy production of stars. A German-born scientist who fled the rising Third Reich and who has been teaching at Cornell University since 1935, Bethe (pronounced Baytuh) theorized that the inordinate energy emitted by stars results from two protracted nuclear processes during which hydrogen fuses into helium. Similar research placed Bethe in the front rank of atomic-era scientists such as Edward Teller and Robert Oppenheimer who gave birth to the Abomb...