Word: nuclearization
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Space officials calculate that the chances of plutonium being released in an aborted mission are no greater than 1 in 1,428. Declares Dudley McConnell, nuclear safety manager for NASA: "You have a thousand times greater chance of dying on the ground from debris falling from an airplane crash than you do from the Galileo mission." Critics, though, remain unconvinced by such assurances. For them, the only real comfort will come when Galileo is gone from earth...
STRATEGIC WEAPONS. Shevardnadze made what appeared to be an important concession by dropping the Soviet demand that reductions in ballistic missiles be linked to limits on U.S. testing of the antimissile Strategic Defense Initiative. The Soviets also proposed separate discussions on submarine- launched nuclear cruise missiles (SLCMs), despite their earlier insistence that the talks be part of the strategic-arms discussions...
...deal on submarine-launched cruise missiles, whether achieved separately or not. Even if they do treat SLCMs as a separate issue, the Soviets are certain to use the negotiations to propose reductions in naval forces, an issue the U.S. is reluctant to confront. Discussions about cruise missiles with nuclear warheads might quickly lead to discussions about SLCMs with conventional warheads, a weapon for which the Navy has big future plans...
...NUCLEAR TESTING. The Threshold Test Ban treaty, signed in 1974 but never ratified, provides for a ceiling of 150 kilotons on underground nuclear blasts -- a limit that both nations currently observe. Baker and Shevardnadze agreed in principle on verification procedures that should allow the treaty to be completed at next year's summit. Yet nuclear testing will remain contentious: the Soviets still want a comprehensive ban on all underground blasts; the U.S. insists that nuclear weapons must continue to be tested for safety and reliability...
...there. He moved first to improve U.S.-Soviet relations, which he considered pivotal. To prove his bona fides, he withdrew Soviet troops from Afghanistan and supported regional settlements in Africa and Latin America. He followed up by renouncing intervention in the affairs of Eastern Europe. His steady march toward nuclear-arms reduction often caught the U.S. off guard and vastly impressed Western Europe. His sure hand on foreign policy has been so convincing that some American congressional leaders are complaining that the Bush Administration is responding too tentatively...