Word: nuclei
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...experiments are based upon a generally accepted theory that the cosmic rays (high speed electrons, etc.), which are traveling toward the earth, cause a slight disintegration of the nuclei of the atoms of a substance through which they pass. The collision of a high speed electron with the nucleus knocks electrons out of it. The precipitation of these minute nuclear particles is known as a "shower...
...research men will endeavor to find out the size of the nuclei of a given material by the frequency of the showers. If it is possible to determine the number of particles contained in one shower, the scientists consider it likely that they will be able to learn much in regard to the properties of these precipitations...
...believed that there are several types of cosmic ray particles, in addition to the high speed electrons, which enter our atmosphere from space. Millikan holds that photons, which also enter our atmosphere from without but unlike the electrons leave no trace of their passage, collide with the nuclei of inolecules in the air and cause a certain amount of disintegration of those nuclei. A shower would then be produced similar to those of the high speed electrons...
...volts which Dr. Van de Graaff expects to produce. At one end of the tube swarms of protons will be released. The high voltage will whip these particles down the tube against a target at the other end. Dr. Van de Graaff hopes that these bullets will disrupt the nuclei of the target's stable atoms in such comparatively copious numbers† that he will 1) learn more about the ultimate constitution of matter; 2) produce superpowerful x-rays: 3) glimpse a clue toward utilization of atomic energy...
...University of California's Professor Ernest Orlando Lawrence has accomplished atomic disintegration by whirling his bullets (deutons, or heavy hydrogen nuclei) with a magnet as fast as 2,000,000 volts would have driven them (TIME, July...