Word: nuclei
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...enough to encircle seven baseball diamonds laid end to end, will be a sight like nothing else on earth, but what it will do for scientists may be even more spectacular. The accelerators already in operation (most powerful is Brookhaven's 2.3 bev cosmotron) have revealed that the nuclei of atoms are anything but simple...
Menzel is noted for his research in solar activitly and was the first to determine that the nuclei of planetary nebulae are white dwarf stars. His studies of solar eclipses led him to develop and install the first coronagraph in America...
...Binding Force. Dr. Hans A. Bethe, head theoretical physicist in the wartime atom-bomb project, is baffled by the force that makes matter hold together. According to all known laws, the particles (or waves) that form atomic nuclei should repel one another. Instead, they cling tightly to one another with a force that is 1037 (ten trillion trillion trillion) times as strong as the force of gravitation. This force, oddly, has only a short range. At a distance of 2.5 x 10-12 centimeters (one four-thousandth of the radius of an atom), it diminishes almost to nothing...
Rays from Space. Scientists know that cosmic rays are protons or larger atomic nuclei striking the earth from space with energies up to one hundred million billion electron volts. But they do not agree about where cosmic rays come from or how they get so powerful. Professor Bruno Rossi of M.I.T., a leading authority on the subject, seems to favor, tentatively, the theory that the cosmic ray particles were shot out of stars at moderate speed and were gradually accelerated by magnetic fields in space. But he is by no means sure. "At present," he says, "no hypothesis about...
...Stanford scientists made their find with the most powerful "microscope" known to science. Its "eyepiece" is a 2½-ton magnet, its light source a giant accelerator that spews electrons in a thin stream. Fired at sheets of metal foil, the electrons whip through the metallic nuclei where they are shoved and twisted by faint electrical fields. In the huge eyepiece, the scattered electrons are counted, their new paths traced. All their measurements told the Hofstadter team that though the center of the nucleus is 130 trillion times denser than water, its edge thins down to cottony fluff...