Word: nuclei
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Edward Mills Purcell, 40 year old professor of Physics here, and Dr. Felix Block of Stanford University received the award for their development, separately, of a new method of measuring magnetic fields in atomic nuclei...
...about this dense, degenerate matter. Some think that it is a brew of atoms that have been stripped of circling electrons. Since nearly all the bulk of a normal atom (as known on earth) is empty space inside the orbits of its electrons, the stripping-down process would allow nuclei and electrons to be packed much more tightly...
Pope Pius asked his listeners to consider the new discoveries of the mutability of matter "in the deepest recesses of nature"-the nuclei of atoms. St. Thomas' first proof of God's existence depends on the omnipresence of change in all matter, which leads to the postulation of one unchanging agency at the source, i.e., God, "the unmoved mover," without whom it would be necessary to postulate an endless series of "movers," changing and being changed...
...physics prize was divided between Britain's Sir John D. Cockcroft and Ulsterman E.T.S. Walton. Working as a team at Cambridge, England, they built a high-voltage machine in 1932, seven years before the discovery of uranium fission, which smashed lithium atoms, turning each into two helium nuclei and a powerful jolt of energy. The Cockcroft-Walton reaction is inefficient, but the energy that it produces is genuinely nuclear, released when mass is turned into energy...
...large part of physical research now centers on mesons. Physicists believe that they are the "glue" that holds atoms together. According to the best-established theory, the nucleons (protons and neutrons that form the nuclei of atoms) have some sort of core surrounded by a cloud of rapidly moving mesons. Each shares its meson cloud with neighboring nucleons. If it were not for this sharing of mesons, the physicists believe, most atoms would fly apart, their protons repelling one another with enormous force...