Word: nuclei
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...remarks with a list of "Pleasant and Unpleasant Surprises." A sampler of the Unpleasant: "Only 38% of nines and 49% of adults could time ten swings of a pendulum. Only 41% of 17s and 45% of adults knew the function of the placenta. Only 18% of 17s knew that nuclei are more dense than the rest of the atom; 93% thought that metal cans for food are made chiefly of tin." Among the Pleasant: "Ninety-two percent of nines and 98% of 13s know that a human baby comes from its mother's body. Seventy-eight percent of nines...
Endless Variety. At the University of Wisconsin, a group headed by a distinguished Indian-born molecular biologist, Har Gobind Khorana. 47, reported that it had achieved the first artificial synthesis of a gene-the basic unit of heredity in the nuclei of all cells. Although genetic material has been made in the laboratory before, scientists have always had to use at least some natural cellular material in the process. The Wisconsin achievement marks the first time that a single gene has been created entirely out of off-the-shelf chemicals...
...target was tiny-two-millionths of an ounce of a heavy, man-made isotope. The "bullets" were even smaller -atomic nuclei fired by an atom smasher. But the results of the experiment which were reported last week at a Washington meeting of the American Physical Society, made big news in the world of nuclear physics. A new chemical element, No. 105, has been created and identified...
After setting up sophisticated detectors to monitor their results, a team ol physicists led by Albert Ghiorso used the University of California's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory's heavy-ion linear accelerator (HILAC) to shoot nitrogen 15 nuclei with an energy level of 84 million electron volts at a submicroscopic bit of californium 249. Although a constant stream of nuclei was directed at the target, only about six collisions per hour produced atoms of the new element...
...nuclei of the nitrogen 15 and californium 249 atoms met, they fused into a single nucleus containing a total of 260 neutrons and protons (four neutrons were shed in the process). Of these particles, 105 were protons, the positively charged particles that determine the atomic number of the element. Since there were 105 protons, the nucleus of the 105th element had been created...