Word: nuclei
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Protons, which along with neutrons form the nuclei of atoms-and hence the bulk of the matter in the universe -have long been regarded as permanent fixtures on the subatomic scene, members of a family of heavy particles known as baryons. If they happened to collide with still other subatomic particles, one thing was certain: the number of baryons coming out of such interactions was always the same as the number going in. To put it in the language of physics, there was conservation of baryon number...
...that parents get involved in therapy too, so that they change along with their children. He regularly brings together as many as eight families for week-long sessions of parent-child group therapy. There are also monthly meetings of DeSisto parent groups in New York, Chicago, Detroit and Boston-nuclei for what DeSisto hopes will some day be a nationwide chain of therapeutic schools. Says he proudly: "I want to make this one a flagship...
...weak" forces were labeled to resolve a separate contradiction--the curious, so-called "beta-decay" of certain nuclei. Thus, if Einstein's unified field theory was to be vindicated, all these forces had somehow to be reconciled--proven to be aspects of the same force...
Nuclear fusion, which could exploit an unlimited fuel supply and promises little contamination of the environment, cannot fill the gap either. Researchers at Princeton and other labs have made some progress on fusion, in which atomic nuclei are combined rather than split. But physicists think it will take decades of problem solving before they can even attempt to build commercial reactors...
...early 1960s, British Biologist John B. Gurdon took the technique a step further by replacing the nuclei of unfertilized eggs with the nuclei of cells that had differentiated into intestinal cells of young tadpoles. Some of the resulting cloned tadpoles matured into adult frogs. There have since been reports of successful cloning with nuclei from adult frog cells, but researchers have found that the best results are obtained by using the nuclei from cells of frogs in the early stages of embryonic development. The nuclei of adult animal cells are generally considered poor cloning material, possibly because many...