Word: nuclei
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Among the consequences of this law is that if the nucleus of a uranium atom fissions (splits) into two nuclei with slightly less total mass, a tremendous amount of energy is released. In 1939, with World War II looming, a group of scientists who realized the implications of this persuaded Einstein to overcome his pacifist scruples and write a letter to President Roosevelt urging the U.S. to start a program of nuclear research. This led to the Manhattan Project and the atom bomb that exploded over Hiroshima in 1945. Some people blame the atom bomb on Einstein because he discovered...
...heart disease may seem complicated and confusing, but it's a breeze compared with trying to design an anticancer diet. Cardiovascular disease is relatively simple; it's the result of normal bodily processes taken to the extreme. Cancer, by contrast, involves changes in the programming of DNA within the nuclei of individual cells. Beyond that, heart disease is an illness that affects a single organ system, while cancer is dozens of different diseases that target body parts as radically different as the brain, breast and bone...
...cells that are in the process of dividing--the doctors outfitted it with a gene from the herpes virus and injected it into the brain. Because virtually the only cells that divide in the brain are tumor cells, the retroviruses infected them alone, inserting the herpes gene into their nuclei. As this gene expressed itself, it made the tumor cells sensitive to the herpes drug ganciclovir. When the drug was then administered to the patient, says Anderson, it "made the tumor cells commit suicide." But here there were troublesome side effects...
...John Gearhart of Johns Hopkins -? one of the authors of a successful study released last week in which stem cells were created from dead human embryos. ACT's experiment is raising eyebrows because cows and humans took separate evolutionary paths more than 10 million years ago; the two cell nuclei are so different that they're unlikely to stick together for long. "There's no reason to believe this thing would get past a few cell divisions," says Elmer-DeWitt...
...example, obtain healthy cells from a patient with leukemia or a burn victim and then transfer the nucleus of each cell into an unfertilized egg from which the nucleus has been removed. Coddled in culture dishes, these embryonic clones--each genetically identical to the patient from which the nuclei came--would begin to divide...