Word: nuclei
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Physicists think six types of quarks are the building blocks of all the particles within atomic nuclei. They had found the first five by 1977, and now the top quark, the sixth and heaviest, has been identified at Fermilab, near Chicago. It took 440 scientists to spot the top, which disintegrates in an infinitesimal fraction of a second...
...efficient, has been official policy since 1984, but until very recently little was accomplished. Since 1988 only an estimated 1,000 firms have been allowed to go bankrupt. The reason is that the state enterprises are not just places of employment: under old-style communist thinking they were social nuclei, providing their workers with everything from cheap housing, education and medical care to free haircuts. "Government departments in charge of these enterprises don't want to see them go bankrupt because they will be the ones in charge of the welfare of the unemployed workers," says Zhou Shulian, a senior...
Physicists were hoping that data from the supercollider would help them formulate a Grand Unified Theory connecting the four fundamental forces of nature: gravity, electromagnetism, the strong force binding the components of nuclei and the weak force involved in nuclear decay. Experiments using the supercollider would have proved or disproved key theories in particle physics...
...Anderson's optimism was not matched by the state of the art, and in 1981, discouraged by the lack of a reliable technique for inserting genes into the nuclei of mammalian cells, he temporarily abandoned gene therapy, turning to other research. As balm for his disappointment, he relentlessly practiced the Korean martial art Tae Kwon Do, won a fourth-degree black belt and was eventually appointed team physician for the U.S. Tae Kwon Do squad at the Seoul Olympics...
...main attraction of fusion is the potentially limitless fuel supply. The ideal fuel is not plain hydrogen but the formula used last week: a mixture of deuterium and tritium, two isotopes of hydrogen that have extra neutrons in their nuclei. Even though they're rarer than ordinary hydrogen, scientists estimate that enough of these two isotopes could be extracted from the top 2 in. of water in Lake Erie to match the energy in all the world's oil reserves...