Word: nuclei
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Ordinary heat is motions of atoms or molecules, but when the motion has died away at 0° K., the nuclei of the atoms still have a property called "spin." Some spins have more energy than others, and the spinning nuclei can affect the spin of other nuclei near them. So high-energy spin can spread through a substance in much the same way that heat does. Low-energy spin can spread, too, so a substance whose atoms are motionless in the ordinary sense can still lose energy and cool below absolute zero...
Working with a roughly similar method, Dr. Kusch proved that the "magnetic moment" (magnetic strength) of electrons spinning around atomic nuclei is .125% greater than had been believed. This small change, taken with the correction made by Dr. Lamb, meant that the theoretical physicists would have to modify their basic ideas of atomic behavior...
...lectures today and on Oct. 20 will be on "Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Atoms, Molecules, and Nuclei." They will be held in Room 250 of the Jefferson Physical Laboratory...
Even heavier elements can probably be made by the neutron-fattening process or found in bomb debris. One of them has been: Element 101. But all of these atomic monstrosities will be short-lived. The forces that hold nuclei together do not seem to work well above the weight of uranium. The outsized atoms either fission (split) spontaneously or turn into lighter elements by radioactive decay...
...similar design, and therefore behind U.S. models-will go into action within a year and will provide power on a competitive cost basis with coal-fed plants. The Russians also said that they are building the world's biggest atom smasher, one that will hurl protons (hydrogen nuclei) with energies as high as 10 billion volts against the nuclei of target atoms, enabling Soviet scientists to study the forces binding the atoms. In another paper read at Geneva, the Russians claimed to have discovered, by using radioactive isotopes as tracers, that plants photosynthesize protein as well as carbohydrates directly...