Word: oaths
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...jurisprudence to England, men called jurors reported on property owners to the king's tax collectors. The local Saxons never considered jury trials when it came to meting out criminal justice, but they gave a defendant the chance to find twelve men- who would swear that his oath was reliable. It was not until the 12th century that King Henry II sponsored the first juries in civil cases. If a verdict was upset on review, the original jurors were automatically considered guilty of perjury and fined or imprisoned. About 100 years later, accused criminals were commonly brought before juries...
...pointed out that the controversy over the NDEA loyalty oath didn't begin until almost a year after the bill was passed. The creation of an officer in charge of government-university relations would probably eliminate such lags in understanding, Price said...
...that, by the letter of the law, he could not be considered a c.o. After that ruling, Seeger was summoned to an Army induction center in New York City. There, one morning in 1960, he went through with the pre-induction physical examination but balked at the swearing-in oath. Tried ia a federal court, he was convicted of refusing to submit to induction and sentenced to a year and a day in prison...
...conviction. The draft law's requirement of belief in a Supreme Being, ruled the court, is unconstitutional. The decision leaned heavily on 1961's Torcaso v. Watkins case, in which the U.S. Supreme Court declared invalid a Maryland law requiring every notary public to take an oath professing belief in the existence of God. Neither the Federal Government nor a state, said the Supreme Court, "can constitutionally pass laws or impose requirements which aid all religions as against nonbelievers, and neither can aid those religions based on a belief in the existence of God as against those religions...
...just want to know why Chief Brennan transferred me. If it's political I want him to say so," Maher said. Chief of Police Daniel J. Brennan--who, like Maher, testified under oath--denied that Maher's political activities had caused his reassignment...