Word: objective
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...lies in making people happy"), the theory of art as imitation held on. It was finally destroyed in the 1880s-partly because of the appearance of the camera, which copied nature so much more accurately than could any human hand. Artists began to talk of a painting as "an object" in itself rather than the representation of something else...
This theory of art as an object turns every object into potential art. As one philosopher, Columbia Professor Arthur C. Danto, admits: "What in the end makes Rauschenberg's real beds streaked with paint and Warhol's Brillo boxes art is the theory. Without the theory, one is unlikely to see them as art." This does not satisfy all the critics. Says the Observer's Nigel Gosling: "Take a table and put it into a gallery, then it's art. But take eight of them and put them into a gallery, then...
...longer shocks, it seldom edifies. Gone is the romantic reverence that made a work of art an object of worship; now it is apt to be just a household object, a neatly executed artifact. Is that enough? "If a painting does not make a human contact, it is nothing," says Motherwell. "The audience also is responsible. Through pictures, our passions touch; therefore painting is the fulfillment of a deep human necessity, not a production of a handmade commodity. A painting, or a man, is neither a decoration nor an anecdote...
Christianity was the theme, and a thousand years of it display the changes that occurred in man's interpretation of his deity. At first, the Christian story appears as a happy parable. One early 9th century object produced by Charlemagne's workshop is an ivory plaque symbolic of its time (see opposite page). Christ is the central figure, triumphant despite his torment on the cross. The Second Coming, which some Christians had hoped would take place in the year 1000, appears as a future inevitability to the artist. High in the iconography is the hand of God reaching...
...authors base their psychoanalysis on the premise that "Tommy Wilson's father was the great love object" of his life. A spellbinding Presbyterian minister who led family-prayer sessions five times a day, the Rev. Joseph Ruggles Wilson came to assume the dimensions of deity in the eyes of his worshipful first son. "Until after he was 40," writes Ray Stannard Baker, the official Wilson biographer quoted in this volume, "Woodrow Wilson never made an important decision of any kind without first seeking his father's advice...