Word: objectness
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...game comes in a box shaped like a small violin case. On the playing board, the island of Manhattan is divided into neighborhoods-Harlem, Little Italy, the Lower East Side. "The object of the game," the instructions explain, "is to take control of a racket-bookmaking, extortion, loan sharking or hijacking-in as many of the neighborhoods on the board as possible." Players draw bad-break cards ("St. Valentine's Day card addressed to you, lose one strongarm and $250") or good-break cards, such as "Friendly persuasion. You get two strongarms and $150." The player with the highest...
Optical Mismatch. Gabor's technique was elegantly simple. He filtered out all but the green light emitted by a powerful mercury arc lamp, producing a beam of light waves of a single frequency (ordinary sunlight is composed of many different frequencies). Then he aimed the beam at an object placed in front of a photographic plate. The unobstructed part of the light beam hit the plate directly. Light waves reflected from the object's irregular surface also reached the photographic plate. But because they had bounced off different parts of the object, they arrived at the plate...
...crests of one wave lined up with the troughs of another, the waves tended to cancel each other out and barely registered on the film. The result was a hologram, a pattern of light and dark spots that while formless to the eye, encoded all the characteristics of the object. When Gabor shined the same single-frequency light through the film, the result was a three-dimensional image of the object...
...ignite the spacecraft's small liquid-fuel engine for a precise 15-minute "burn," reducing the ship's velocity from about 11,000 m.p.h. to just over 8,000 m.p.h. As it slows down, Mariner will be captured by Martian gravity, thereby becoming the first man-made object to go into orbit around another planet. The three previous U.S. Mars missions were designed to make their observations during the brief time that they were passing close to the planet on the way into perpetual orbit around...
...children do acquire some skills early-counting, for example, or understanding the principle of cause and effect-they soon forget them, and rarely can they apply this knowledge to new situations. In any case, knowledge gained unusually early has no value over the long run. Kittens, for example, understand "object permanence"-the idea that things stay the same even when they are out of sight -before human infants do, but "they cannot do very much with their precocious acquisition," Feinbloom observes...