Word: occured
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...Nita Lelyveld '86, Mary J. Menell '85, and one junior who asked not to be identified all agree that change, possibly bloody change, will come. But they disagree on the roles which Harvard and the United States can and should play in causing that change to occur...
There is no place so violent as home. About half of all rapes occur there. It is in the privacy of the home, both in cramped flats and in grand neocolonials, that women are pummeled by husbands and boyfriends. It was in his home in Houston a few years ago, for instance, that Second-Grader Daniel Brownell, whose stepfather's attacks had left him paralyzed and permanently senseless, was found branded with cigarette burns that spelled I CRY. One remarkable Connecticut woman named Carol,* 38, who is a volunteer counselor of imprisoned rapists, knows freakishly well that home...
...parents have always known-whether from instinct or from common sense or from the teachings of their own parents-that babies need and respond to love, attention, stimulation, education, in perhaps roughly that order. The research documents not only the importance of such needs but the damage that can occur when they go unanswered. Yet even these blessings of the latest orthodoxy can be overdone. "We are learning that everything will have an impact on an infant, but we still need to know exactly what happens," cautions Psychologist Rose Caron of George Washington University's Infant Research Laboratory...
...skills they had at birth. A newborn baby that is held upright on a table is nearly able to walk while suspended; immersed in a tub of water, it makes a fairly impressive try at swimming. Those abilities deteriorate within a few months. The same process seems to occur with intellectual skills that are not used. Psychologists Janet Werker of Dalhousie University in Halifax, N.S., and Richard Tees of the University of British Columbia have shown that babies of six to eight months can distinguish sounds that are not used in their native language, but they have much greater difficulty...
...during the first year. The struggle to escape from accidental smothering in bedclothes, known as the "respiratory occlusion reflex," is automatic at birth but then needs to be learned. Says Lipsitt: "The peak of 'disarray' is right at the point when crib death is most likely to occur, as if the baby doesn't know whether to be reflexive or cognitive. Suppose a child gets into a compromising situation where it has lost the reflex and has not acquired the learned behavior that has to come in to supplant the lost reflex." Lipsitt hopes to devise...