Word: oceaneering
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Nigeria rich. Ojukwu, who at the time was Military Governor of the Eastern Region, defied Gowon. On May 30, 1967, at a champagne party in the Eastern capital of Enugu, he announced the creation of the state of Biafra, which drew its name from the bay off the Atlantic Ocean that cuts into the Nigerian coast. The proud Ibos composed a national anthem-"Land of the rising sun we love and cherish, beloved home, land of brave heroes"-and dug in to defend their homeland...
...Soviet schedule is so full that it has apparently affected the 18-nation disarmament talks in Geneva. Diplomats there complain that work on the final draft of the seabed treaty, barring nuclear weapons from the ocean floor, is being held up because Russian negotiators have to wait so long for guidance from the disarmament experts in Moscow, who are apparently preoccupied with SALT...
...A.A.A.S. President Walter Orr Roberts urged the U.S. to join Russia in a cheaper, mutual space program aimed at "an optimum balance of man and nature on this magnificent but imperiled planet." If the two countries directed their space efforts at earth, said Orr, teams of astronauts could chart ocean currents to help fishing fleets find their catch, discover just where air pollutants go in the atmosphere, and vastly improve weather forecasting. Dr. John H. Knowles, head of Massachusetts General Hospital, drew sustained applause by questioning the nation's current priorities. "We are spending twice on the supersonic transport...
...theory was so unorthodox and tenuous that Hess cautiously called it "geopoetry." It was soon to become geo-fact. After studying Hess's work, a 24-year-old Cambridge University graduate student, Frederick J. Vine, proposed an ingenious test. The iron in the lava from the mid-ocean ridges, he suggested, should be imprinted with the direction of the earth's magnetic field prevailing at the time that the lava cooled off. But patterns in land rocks had already shown that the magnetic field has inexplicably reversed itself as many as 171 times in the past 76 million...
Building the Andes. Vine's recorder provided almost instant playback. Surveying the seabed with sensitive magnetometers towed by an oceanographic vessel, he and other investigators found a zebra-striped pattern of magnetism, its direction repeatedly reversing as their ship moved farther away from the mid-ocean ridges. Seismologists quickly followed with proof of their own. If the sea floor was actually rising from the ridges and dropping back into the earth through the trenches, they reasoned, there should be more seismic shocks in these regions than in surrounding areas. Tests proved them right. The U.S. oceanographic vessel Glomar Challenger...