Word: oiled
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...Wiwa was hardly a violent threat to the state of Nigeria, but his criticism of oil companies endangered the cash flow to the ruling junta. He had actively campaigned against the environmental destruction on his tribal land caused by Shell Oil Company. As a result of Saro-Wiwa's efforts, Shell ended oil mining in the author's homeland, much to the dismay of the military junta...
...intransigence of Nigeria's military leaders towards global opinion is not surprising. General Sani Abacha, Nigeria's dictator, and other military leaders have profited enormously from oil revenues reaped by Shell's exploitation of Saro-Wiwa's homeland and other parts of the country. To ensure continued profits from the oil industry, the military government of Nigeria instituted a crackdown resulting in the deaths of over 2,000 of Saro-Wiwa's tribes people. In 1993, during the transition from military to civil government, Abacha imprisoned Chief Moshood Abiola, the democratically chosen president, declaring the election invalid...
Although Shell's chief executive did send a personal to Nigeria's leaders to spare Sao-Wiwa's life, it was clearly a token gesture. As long as companies such as Shell continue to support the military junta by mining Nigerian oil, and, as long as institutions like Harvard invest in Shell, human rights abuses such as Saro-Wiwa's unjust execution will continue...
After the hangings, the World Bank canceled a $100 million loan to Nigeria. Supporters of Saro-Wiwa are calling for a boycott of Nigerian oil, half of which is exported to the United States. Harvard should join the rest of the world in giving Nigeria's military leaders a clear financial incentive to respect human rights...
...major concession that one diplomat called "the start of the end of the war in the ex-Yugoslavia," separatist Serbs in Croatia agreed to return a slice of oil-rich territory they had seized in 1991. The Eastern Slavonia region bordering Serbia will revert to Croatian control after a one-year transition period, which can be extended to two years by either party, with a U.N. administration during the transition...