Word: oiling
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Perhaps the most drastically changed city government is the one in Houston. Under prodding from the U.S. Department of Justice, which has been hearing loud complaints about discrimination from the oil capital's black and Hispanic minorities, Houston shifted from a city council of eight members, all elected at large, to one of 14 members, with nine chosen from separate districts and the remainder chosen at large. Blacks thereby increased their representation from one to three, and State Representative Ben Reyes became Houston's first Mexican-American councilman. In addition, three women stand a chance of winning runoff...
Once again the turmoil in Iran emphasizes American dependence upon what Jimmy Carter calls the "thin line of oil tankers stretching halfway around the earth to one of the most unstable regions in the world." The drive to gain some freedom from OPEC by developing domestic energy sources has never been more pressing. Last week the Senate easily adopted by a vote of 65 to 19 a $20 billion synthetic-fuel program that, among other things, would turn the nation's vast coal deposits into oil and gas. But of all the old and new sources of petroleum...
...track breaks through onto a rolling plateau of sagebrush, juniper and pine. It is here, on this remote plateau, southwest of Rifle, Colo., that Caterpillars of the Colony Development Operation have already cut 300 yds. into a mountain of shale. Near by, in another canyon, Union Oil engineers monitor a conveyor belt delivering a stream of shale into a giant funnel. Some 40 miles south, at Logan's Wash, Occidental Petroleum miners have cut two mine faces into the sides of a shale mountain. Farther northwest lies another tract of shale land soon to be developed by Gulf Oil...
This is the Piceance Basin, the heart of a geological formation containing the world's biggest known deposit of oil shale. Locked in the mottled rock is the energy equivalent of about 1.2 trillion bbl. of oil, or roughly 40 times the nation's present proven reserves of liquid petroleum...
Actually, "shale oil" is neither shale nor oil. The rock is marl, a variety of limestone laced with a solid fossil fuel called kerogen. The kerogen was deposited 40 million years ago in the form of millions of tons of vegetable matter that collected on the bottom of a mammoth freshwater lake that then covered Utah, Wyoming and Colorado. But these lake-bed accumulations were never subjected to temperatures as high as 300° F and to extreme pressures that in time created underground deposits of readily usable liquid oil and natural gas. Now man must finish nature...