Word: oiling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...that is no longer an easy market. Last year, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, global arms imports totaled $34 billion in constant 1985 dollars, a 14% decline from the previous year. Among the reasons: the winding down of regional conflicts like the Iran-Iraq war, reduced oil prices and fewer petrodollars for military customers in the Middle East, and a falloff in Third World purchasing power caused by high debt levels...
Like Lady Macbeth, Exxon has learned to its sorrow that some stains cannot be easily scrubbed away. Exxon said last week that it will have to spend $1.28 billion, or ten times as much as initial projections, to clean up the 11 million gal. of crude oil that the supertanker Exxon Valdez spewed into Alaska's Prince William Sound last March. The surprising estimate, which did not take into account potential penalties or lawsuit settlements, made the Alaskan disaster one of the most expensive industrial accidents ever...
...handle the cleanup, Exxon has deployed an army of 10,500 workers and a flotilla of vessels. Some 3,000 beach cleaners wield high-pressure hoses in twelve-hour shifts to scour the crude from rocky shorelines. The task must be repeated often because tides wash the oil back onto beaches that have just been cleaned...
...forms and techniques. But during the Meiji era (1868-1912), modernism was introduced from the West, knocking major dents in this rigid system with an emphasis on innovation, individualism and the search for new forms. Japanese artists, emulating European easel painting, began to produce portraits and still lifes in oil -- new subjects in a new medium. Later in the 20th century and especially after World War II, some continued to keep up with modernism's evolutionary twists and turns through surrealism and paint-splashing abstract expressionism...
...women make only about $4,000 a year, or approximately one-third the average salary earned by government teachers inside Israel. West Bank professors fare much better. Despite the fact that higher education has been closed down since early 1988, they still receive full paychecks, thanks mostly to oil-rich Arab countries and international organizations that have donated millions of dollars for the purpose...