Word: one
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...theory, PR is designed to make sure the fringe gets a voice in situations where traditional voting methods split two parties along a few mainstream issues. In Cambridge, candidates only need to receive support from one-ninth of the electorate, rather than a majority...
Although several systems of voting--including those used in most European countries--are a form of PR, the variant that American cities have historically used is the one Cambridge employs--the single transferable ballot...
...one is above the quota, election officials transfer the votes of those candidates with the lowest number. This process repeats itself until the proper number of candidates is elected...
Many large industrial cities--where machine politics, patronage and one party rule were the norm--instituted such changes, hoping to ensure that everyone got a voice in government...
...One of their chief complaints is that "proportional representation" is really "perpetual representation": Sitting councillors almost always win. Critics of PR point to the most recent council election in 1987, when nine incumbents sought re-election, and nine incumbents...