Word: oneness
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...learns to persevere only when his lips close over a nipple. The reflex-driven gropings by which he learns to recognize the nipple and distinguish it from a rattle, as Piaget sees it, are a first use of trial-and-error logic. Piaget considers this learning process of infancy one phase in the first of four distinct but sometimes overlapping stages. The other stages: ages two to seven, seven to eleven, and eleven...
Learning Alternatives. The child reaches the threshold of grown-up logic as early as seven and usually by eleven. Before that point, he may think that water becomes "more to drink" when it is poured from a short, squat glass into a tall, thin one with the same capacity. The reason for this stubborn misconception is that the child is paying attention only to static features of his environment, not to transformations. Now, at the age Piaget calls that of "concrete" intellectual activity, the child can deduce that pouring does not change the quantity of the water. He has begun...
Between the ages of eleven and 15, the child begins to deal with abstractions and, in a primitive but methodical way, set up hypotheses and then test them, as a scientist does. In one experiment, Piaget handed children a weight at the end of a string and asked them to find out what determines the speed of the pendulum's swing. As he watched and asked questions, he found that the children were spontaneously considering all the possible variations: changing the weight, letting it drop from increasing heights, giving it stronger shoves, or changing the length of the string...
Nonetheless, supporters outnumber detractors. Harvard's Bruner, Piaget's most appreciative critic in the U.S., voices a common reaction when he acknowledges that Piaget's general conception of the growing mind "is so compelling that even in attacking it one is inevitably influenced by it." At the very least, Jean Piaget has enabled adults to approach children more sensitively and realistically-and perhaps even with greater...
...believe it when I see it," one insider cynically commented on prospects of peace between New York's Metropolitan Opera and the musicians' unions. "Not until they actually get through a whole performance. Even then, there'll be room for doubt...