Word: onsets
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Modern reef-building corals are descendants of organisms that first appeared in the fossil record 225 million years ago. These ancient carnivores, cousins of sea anemones and jellyfish, boast stinging cells and tentacles for stunning and capturing prey. But while corals have survived the onset of major ice ages and variations in sea level of hundreds of feet, there are limits to the conditions they can tolerate. For example, they cannot build reefs in water colder than 60[degrees] F or in murky depths. They live in symbiotic relationships with colonies of tiny algae called zooxanthellae that depend...
...also re-examining existing drugs that may offer therapeutic pportunities. Some experts, for example, speculate that antioxidants such as vitamin E and anti-inflammatories such as ibuprofen could help shield neurons from chemical damage. Others have seized on tantalizing hints that the female hormone estrogen may delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women. Estrogen appears to foster the brain's health by, among other things, spurring the growth of connections that link a single neuron to many others...
...this point that TPA has proved so effective. If given within three hours of the stroke's onset, the clot buster can interrupt the brain's panicked reaction. Damage may be kept so limited that it is imperceptible. Ideally, doctors would like to inject the drug within 90 minutes of the initial attack, underscoring once again the need for stroke suspects to get to an emergency room quickly...
...real battle, then, is to prevent such fractures in the first place, and that involves slowing the onset of osteoporosis, a disease that makes bones brittle. Among menopausal women, estrogen-replacement therapy has gained wide usage, despite its risks of depression and endometrial cancer. A newer treatment that received federal approval just last year involves the use of amino-bisphosphonates, a class of drugs that inhibit the cells that govern bone loss...
...perhaps tailored to particular serotonin receptors--is urgently needed for the 20% of depressed patients who do not benefit from existing drugs. Researchers hope to come up with compounds that begin acting immediately rather than in a period of weeks. "The Holy Grail of new antidepressant treatment is rapid onset," asserts Dr. John Ascher, a research physician at Glaxo Wellcome in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. "We're talking about medicine that takes effect in just...