Word: orbital
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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This conclusion was reached by Washington after tracking eleven Soviet launchings since Sept. 17, 1966, in which attempts were made to return pay loads to the ground within less than one complete orbit. The success of the Russian experiments has been such, McNamara indicated, that an orbital bombing system capable of dropping nuclear warheads on America may well be operational some time next year...
Atmosphere Profile. America's 540-Ib. Mariner 5 took a less direct approach, swinging to within 2,480 miles of the Venusian surface and then briefly disappearing behind the planet before heading toward a permanent orbit around the sun. As Mariner drew close, its instruments searched for a Venusian magnetic field and an accompanying radiation belt, and peered down into the upper atmosphere to determine its height and temperature profile. As the spacecraft swung behind Venvis, its radio signals passed through the Venusian atmosphere on their way to earth. By measuring the effect the intervening gases...
...weather satellite called Essa (for the Commerce Department's Environmental Science Services Administration), Beulah's every move was tracked and reported round the clock by radio, thus permitting more than 150,000 Texans to dodge the big storm's flailing fist. Watching from a polar orbit 865 miles above the earth, Essa's twin TV cameras gave the Texas Gulf Coast twelve days' advance warning on her course. In the Caribbean and Mexico, where Beulah rampaged for two weeks before striking Texas, the storm took about 40 lives-in part because of inadequate radio warning...
...vinegar gnats, 1,000 flour beetles, 560 wasps, 120 frog eggs, 875 amoebae, 13,000 bacteria cells, 78 wheat seedlings, nine pepper plants, 10 million spores of orange bread mold and 64 blue spiderwort. All this was packed aboard a space ark called Biosatellite 2 and launched into earth orbit from Cape Kennedy...
Designed to test the effects of weightlessness on living organisms, the temperature-controlled Biosatellite was stabilized in orbit to provide less than 1/100,000th of the earth's gravity for its tiny occupants. It also was equipped with a strontium 85 source that irradiated some of the organisms with gamma rays to determine whether the effects of radiation were different under weight less conditions...