Word: orbiter
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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After three years as ambassador to Outer Mongolia, Old Bolshevik Vyacheslav M. Molotov, 70, arrived in Vienna last week to represent Russia on the International Atomic Energy Agency. But there was no indication that his career was back in high Soviet orbit. Flying from Moscow (where news of his shift had not even been published), Molotov stopped off in Kiev, was recognized by a group of Soviet army officers, who nudged each other but neglected to pay any other recognition to the square-jawed Red who was once Stalin's right-hand...
...argued for years about this tenuous stuff: one theory holds that interplanetary space is filled with "resident" gas that has nothing to do with the planets; another claims that the outer fringe of the sun's glowing corona sometimes reaches out as far as the earth's orbit. The issue remained in doubt for the simple reason that no one had actually sampled interplanetary space, but in Britain's New Scientist Professor Josif Shklovsky of Moscow's State Astronomical Institute tells how Soviet space probes have measured the gas directly...
...admit the inevitable, and in space travel the unhappy inevitable may be that man can never journey "safely" to the moon and planets. But scientists are making plans just the same. The huge, multistage rocket with which Russia launched its Dognik could boost a 600-lb. capsule into orbit around the moon, and the size of the capsule can be increased by 100 Ibs. for each additional 20,000 Ibs. of thrust that Soviet scientists can coax from the boost er. Says a U.S. engineer: "The Russians probably could soft-land an instrument package on the moon within six months...
...requires complete re-entry reliability, something neither Russia nor the U.S. can claim. "All we can do now is get capsules down with parachutes," says one U.S. scientist. "Ideally, we will want to land the full vehicle and its occupants, re-use the vehicle for other flights." Probable method: orbital reentry. Rather than plunge directly into earth's atmosphere and risk crushing G forces or a fiery disintegration from friction, a spaceship would ease into a wide orbit around the earth, cut its speed with retrorockets, and circle slowly to a landing. Orbital reentry also would permit the space...
This is the landing system that will be employed by Dyna-Soar, the Air Force's $700 million, Boeing-built, maneuverable space vehicle, scheduled for first flight tests about 1964. Designed to be fired into orbit atop a Titan missile, Dyna-Soar is the closest thing to a spaceship in development now in the U.S. The dog capsule appears to put Russia well ahead of the U.S. in spaceship manufacture; its massive weight indicates that the passenger cabin probably will be large enough to support a crew of three men for a sustained period of flight...