Word: orbiter
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...Almost inevitably, space science was the glamour science. The U.S. sent into orbit satellites Tiros I and Tiros II, which observed the earth's weather from above and sent back thousands of cloud-pattern pictures that are revolutionizing meteorology. The U.S.'s Courier I-B showed what can be done by a satellite packed with electronic equipment and acting as a relay station for forwarding floods of messages almost instantaneously around the curve of the earth. Echo I, the 100-ft. balloon satellite, which is still a striking naked-eye spectacle in the sky, showed the value of a large...
Explorer VII, launched in October 1959, is still in orbit and still sending information. It has made nearly 2,300 passes and sent observations from nearly 1,000,000 data points. In 1960 it reported on the effects of two unusually violent eruptions on the sun. As the sun threw out vast streams of charged particles, charts were made via Explorer VII of their intensity and effects on the radiation belts. Never before had earth's scientists so good a ringside seat for watching solar explosions. Van Allen is sure that future satellites carrying instruments will yield even better information...
...their transmitter toward the sun, they will know the speed at which their star is approaching the solar system or receding from it. They will therefore allow for the slight shift of frequency caused by this motion. They may also allow for the motion of their planet on its orbit, but cannot know the earth's orbital motion. This final fine tuning will have to be done at the receiver on earth...
...rocket rose majestically from its launching pad and for 68 seconds cut a brilliant, steady swath through the Florida sky. Then, suddenly, the rocket's nose lurched, and an instant later a red-orange mushroom blast shattered the sixth U.S. attempt to put a paddle-wheel satellite in orbit around the moon. If the feat had succeeded, it would have rivaled even the Russian successes of hitting the moon and photographing its backside...
...BILLION EXPANSION program was announced by American Telephone & Telegraph Co. for 1961, second largest outlay in company's history, only $100 million below 1960 record. Chief new projects: launching an experimental communications satellite in a north-south orbit over the Atlantic to transmit telephone calls and TV between North America and Europe, and expanding the Data-Phone facilities, by which computers can communicate with one another over regular telephone lines...