Word: organism
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...most cases, that cell comes right from whatever organ is ailing, and, in the ultimate feat of personalized medicine, from the ailing organ of the patient himself. Furthest along in development are regenerated human bladders, which are already being tested in early human trials and which Atala has thoughtfully designed in small, medium and large sizes. Not far behind on the organ assembly line are heart valves and blood vessels. Atala began with the bladder not only because of his training as a pediatric urologist, but also because bladder cells are among the many that can be grown outside...
...takes Atala about six weeks to grow a new body part. The key to his success and speed, he says, is his reliance on a patient's own cells whenever possible. "We take a small piece of tissue from the diseased organ, grow up a bunch of normal cells, manipulate them and put them right back into the same patient," he says. "Because we are not using cells from other people, we avoid all issues with rejection." For the patient, that also means a shorter and more comfortable recovery, and a better chance of having the regenerated organ "take...
Creating a working organ hinges on keeping those first few cells alive, which has proven to be the biggest challenge for Atala's team. Each cell - whether from the bladder, skin, cartilage, or heart - prefers a different environment to grow, made up of unique cocktails of growth factors, enzymes, proteins and other nutrients. Once the incubated cells have multiplied to a sufficient number, Atala puts them through a series of rigorous tests to ensure that they look, act and function just like their normally grown siblings in the body...
...One’s Gonna Love You” ends up sounding like a cheesy Garth Brooks ballad. “Marry Song” combines a muted organ and lazy drum beat with lyrics like “I’ll marry my lover” in an accent and overall mood that makes you feel like you’re floating down the Mississippi...
...mess with destiny.” Do not go to this guy after he graduates from medical school: Sandel: “Now consider a second case: This time you’re a doctor and transplant surgeon. You have five patients each in desperate need of an organ to survive. One needs a heart, one a lung, one a liver, one a kidney, and the fifth a pancreas. But you have no organs and you’re about to see them die, until suddenly you remember that in the next room there’s a healthy...