Word: organism
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...also super-basic to the practice of surgery, about like starting the engine is to the practice of driving. The skin is (unless you're a plastic surgeon) ultimately just another thing standing in the way of what you really want to get at - that joint, tendon or organ you're there to fix. And skin has many amazing properties: Gain 200 pounds and the number of square yards of your skin may nearly double. Your skin regulates body temperature, changes color to prevent radiation damage, oils itself, feels, grows hair and emits all kinds of sexy pheromones...
...Just Blaze’s sped-up sampling of the Isley Brothers’ “Between the Sheets” to rebut the haters who think that hip-hop is ruining America. Two tracks later, Jigga and Nas take ‘em to church on an organ-imbued, lyrically dazzling collaboration detailing the downsides to success. “Falling,” the final official track of the album, concludes on a fitting if somewhat sad note. “Fight and you’ll never survive / Run and you’ll never escape...
...most cases, that cell comes right from whatever organ is ailing, and, in the ultimate feat of personalized medicine, from the ailing organ of the patient himself. Furthest along in development are regenerated human bladders, which are already being tested in early human trials and which Atala has thoughtfully designed in small, medium and large sizes. Not far behind on the organ assembly line are heart valves and blood vessels. Atala began with the bladder not only because of his training as a pediatric urologist, but also because bladder cells are among the many that can be grown outside...
...takes Atala about six weeks to grow a new body part. The key to his success and speed, he says, is his reliance on a patient's own cells whenever possible. "We take a small piece of tissue from the diseased organ, grow up a bunch of normal cells, manipulate them and put them right back into the same patient," he says. "Because we are not using cells from other people, we avoid all issues with rejection." For the patient, that also means a shorter and more comfortable recovery, and a better chance of having the regenerated organ "take...
Creating a working organ hinges on keeping those first few cells alive, which has proven to be the biggest challenge for Atala's team. Each cell - whether from the bladder, skin, cartilage, or heart - prefers a different environment to grow, made up of unique cocktails of growth factors, enzymes, proteins and other nutrients. Once the incubated cells have multiplied to a sufficient number, Atala puts them through a series of rigorous tests to ensure that they look, act and function just like their normally grown siblings in the body...