Word: organisms
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Before we start giving you the details, there's a little background you need to know about your skin. (We promise to keep the chemistry to a minimum.) Considered by scientists to be an organ, the skin weighs 9 lbs. on average and has three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis. No thicker than a page in this magazine, the outermost layer, the epidermis, is filled with layers of specialized skin cells known as keratinocytes. When these cells, which start out plump with water in the deepest layer of the epidermis, migrate to the skin's surface...
...Novartis Research Foundation's new Genomics Institute, Schultz is boning up on genetics. But he also keeps one foot planted in pure science. His lab at the Scripps Research Institute, where he starts his day by 5 a.m., uses combinatorial methods to study everything from nanotechnology to organ regeneration. His scientists have invented 80 new amino acids and used them to make proteins seen nowhere in nature, and they are trying to create an artificial bacterium with two extra bases in its DNA and five unnatural amino acids in its proteins. "The question is," says Schultz, "Why are there only...
...successes to date of so-called stem-cell bioengineering--using the body's own master cells to make replacement tissue. Doctors have employed stem cells to grow skin grafts for burn victims and to repair cartilage in damaged knees, but the technique had never been used successfully in an organ as complex...
...George Soros b) a Pizza Hut ad c) cosmonaut organ sales d) $20 that didn't come from the Russian...
...POLYPS Superaspirin to the rescue? Preliminary findings suggest that COX-2 inhibitors--the arthritis-fighting "superaspirin"--may one day help prevent colon cancer. Researchers administered high doses to patients with familial adenomatous polyposis--a devastating disease in which the colon can become so overrun with polyps that the entire organ must be removed. After six months, the number of potentially malignant polyps was reduced 25%. If COX-2 inhibitors can work in such extreme cases, researchers hope they can prevent polyps in patients with a mere predisposition to colon cancer...