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Tracy Albertsen and the Leonard boys represent two of the faces of mental retardation. Children like Tracy owe their affliction to detectable organic imperfections; those like the Leonards suffer from retardation of uncertain origin. Together they constitute a wrenching problem for all segments of society. According to the President's Committee on Mental Retardation, 3% of the population under the age of 65 -close to 6,000,000 Americans-suffer some degree of retardation. Every five minutes in the U.S. a child is born who will eventually be classified as retarded...
...members, when no one had ever given them a legal definition of a Negro? The Department of Health, Education and Welfare duly moved to fill the bureaucratic gap. Negroes, it explained, were "persons considered by themselves, by the school or by the community to be of African or Negro origin." The same sort of definition, added HEW, held for Orientals, Chicanes and Indians. At that, the Flagler County school board pronounced all its teachers and students Orientals because they were so "considered by the school." Thus, only one race attended classes in the county, and no discrimination was possible...
...Civil Rights Act and an executive order issued by President Johnson amending it, Federal contractors, including universities, must take, "An affirmative action to ensure that minority (including women) applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, color, religion, sex or national origin...
...professional workers. This clause was a concession to the southerners so they could fire black teachers, but it also incidentally exempted college and university faculty and professional staffs. Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act forbids discrimination in institutions receiving Federal money on the basis of race, national origin or color, but it does not forbid sex discrimination...
...executive order not only stated that institutions must not discriminate, but also required them to take "affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, color, religion, sex or national origin." This did not just mean equal pay for equal work. "Affirmative action" is to include--"but not be limited to"--such things as promotions, recruiting and "selection for training, including apprenticeship." Some women's groups have claimed that limiting admission of women to colleges and universities constituted discrimination because, they say, graduate and undergraduate study is the academic...