Word: orozco
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...zanne and Kandinsky. Robert Motherwell drew much of his inspiration from Matisse. De Kooning, the Dutch immigrant, was closer to Cubism and de Stijl; Pollock, the shy Westerner, studied under Thomas Hart Benton, and was influenced by Mexico's David Alfaro Siqueiros and José Clemente Orozco. They all talked-and talked. Critic Thomas Hess observes that "a long, chaotic, brilliant, funny conversation about art began in the mid-1930s and continued for more than 20 years...
Risking further criticism last week, the court amplified its earlier decision by ruling that Miranda should not be interpreted to cover only station-house interrogations. This time, a 6-to-2 majority of the Justices* threw out the murder conviction of a man named Reyes Arias Orozco, who had been questioned not at the station house but in his own bedroom. Writing for the majority, Justice Hugo Black denied that he was broadening the restrictions imposed by Miranda "to the slightest extent." Instead, Black cited a sentence from the earlier decision requiring that a person be warned...
Incriminating Statements. Orozco was accused of shooting down another man after a quarrel outside a Dallas bar back in 1966. He later returned to his boardinghouse and went to sleep. At about 4 a.m., four policemen burst into the room and began to question him. Orozco not only admitted that he had been at the scene of the shooting but also confessed to owning a gun that proved to be the murder weapon. At Orozco's trial, one of the arresting officers was permitted to testify to these incriminating statements...
Black noted that from the moment Orozco gave the officers his name, according to their testimony, he "was not free to go where he pleased but was under arrest." The police had thus acted improperly, said Black. They had not advised him-as required by Miranda-of his right to remain silent, to have the advice of a lawyer before making any statement and to have a lawyer appointed for him if he could not afford...
...dissent, Justice Byron White protested that the ruling carries Miranda to "new and unwarranted extremes." He argued that the previous decision emphasized interrogations in the station house because the "isolation and unfamiliar surroundings" there created special pressures for the accused. Orozco's bedroom, White insisted, could hardly be considered unfamiliar to him. Moreover, the majority had made no effort to demonstrate that any of the psychological pressures in Miranda were present in Orozco's case...