Word: orthodox
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Only a few years ago, the orthodox wisdom was that the U.S. would never suffer such hyperinflation, but that if it ever did, the whole economy would be shattered and the democratic political system would be endangered. Yet in 1979 the economy showed a remarkable resiliency and a resistance to deep recession. People learned to cope. They reduced their spending for gas-thirsty big cars and such little luxuries as hardcover books, records and tennis equipment. But they kept right on spending for other goods, particularly the high-quality and the durable, in part because they figured that almost everything...
...quarter of Istanbul, the last refuge of Orthodoxy's symbolic center, the once mighty Patriarchate of the Byzantine Empire. There last week, sitting opposite the crowned and richly vested Ecumenical Patriarch Dimitrios I, Pope John Paul II became the first Pontiff in nine centuries to join in an Orthodox Eucharistic service. Though the Pope did not partake of Communion, he quietly hummed along with the chants and made the sign of the cross Eastern style, right to left...
...Schism between these two branches of Christianity is traditionally dated from mutual excommunications hurled in 1054 by Rome and Constantinople (as Istanbul was called until 1930). In 1204 Crusaders sacked Constantinople and temporarily installed a Latin-rite Patriarch. Today there are still differences about such matters as divorce (the Orthodox permit it on grounds of adultery and allow no more than three marriages in a lifetime), and especially the Nicene Creed. The Orthodox insist on the original wording of the creed, in which the Holy Spirit "proceeds from the Father." Catholicism adds that the Spirit proceeds from "the Father...
...overwhelming difficulty about full reunion is the power and the office of the papacy itself. The Orthodox hold that religious authority derives from the church as a whole and is expressed through ecumenical councils. In Catholicism, the Pope is the ultimate arbiter. This split seemingly became unbridgeable in 1870 when the First Vatican Council declared papal infallibility in formal teachings and defined the Pope's "immediate" jurisdiction over every diocese in the world. Orthodoxy might accept the Pope as primate, but only as a first among equals with the right to initiate and coordinate action, a slow and often...
...some ways, though, the two churches are already united. The Second Vatican Council declared that the Orthodox "possess true sacraments, above all-by apostolic succession-the priesthood and the Eucharist." In other words it saw virtually no doctrinal barrier to joint Communion, which is not yet the case with any other Christian body. For the Orthodox, however, Communion should be shared only when full doctrinal accord is achieved...