Word: orthodox
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...helped pave the way for the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution. But last week in New York City, Tsar Nicholas, his wife Alexandra, their son and four daughters, all murdered in 1918 by the Bolsheviks, became saints. In an unprecedented ceremony of glorification, they, along with some 30,000 other Russian Orthodox Christians killed by the Soviets, were named "martyrs" and canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia, a strongly anti-Communist offshoot that claims 270,000 adherents, including...
...Orthodox theology stresses martyrdom as a sign of holiness in a potential saint. Determination of sainthood is a much less formal matter than in the Roman Catholic Church, where a lengthy, legalistic procedure emphasizes an exemplary moral life and the performance of miracles after death. An Orthodox candidate need only have suffered and died for the faith, and the Orthodox communion of saints includes hundreds of thousands of such martyrs...
...Tsar, who ruled Russia for 23 years, also served as temporal leader of the Russian Orthodox Church. His killing thus has a special significance for a church that refuses to acknowledge the present Patriarch of Moscow because of his subservience to an atheistic regime responsible for the deaths of as many as 12 million Christians. The murder of the imperial family was "not merely an act of political reprisal," wrote Metropolitan Philaret, the church's New York City-based leader, in a special epistle on the canonization, "but an act principally of the spiritual annihilation of Russian Orthodoxy...
Malcolm takes as her task the shrinking of the big picture into the small book. Devoting long sections to expositions of orthodox Freudian thought and occasionally to the ideas of some of the myriad of dissenters, the author provides a lucid introduction to such often misunderstood concepts as the Oedipal complex, penis envy, and the tripartite scheme of the mind. Her delvings are in themselves persuasive arguments. Along with some of the history of the psychoanalytic movement--she assiduously avoids Adler and Jung--the author provides a rather scorching insight into the analytic establishment. The image of these beacons...
...many modern Greeks, Papandreou's cry for change seemed right for the times. He promised to establish civil marriages, liberalize abortion, allow divorce by common consent, and separate church from state, a radical prospect in a religiously orthodox society. He attracted the votes of younger women with his pledge to end male domination of Greek society by allowing women equal control over family affairs and enhancing benefits for working mothers. He announced plans to "socialize" such large industries as banking, drugs and fertilizers, though he did not explain precisely how he would do it. Papandreou also wants to improve...