Word: oslo
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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When the Nobel Peace Prize Commitee in Oslo announced last year that it would give no award for 1976, Norwegians were prepared. An alliance of newspapers and civic groups had already begun a campaign for a "People's Peace Prize," which eventually collected $324,000 in donations. The sum was awarded to Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan, the Roman Catholic "peace women" of Belfast (TIME, Dec. 13) who had stirred the world with their pleas for an end to sectarian bloodshed in Northern Ireland...
...forbidding island of Spitsbergen is another bone of contention. The Soviets keep pressing Oslo for a "special arrangement" that would enhance their economic rights on the island, which was demilitarized in 1920 by a 40-nation treaty and placed under Norwegian sovereignty. Rebuffed, Moscow nonetheless insists on maintaining 3,400 Russians on Spitsbergen (v. 1,000 Norwegians), most of whom are military men disguised as civilians. Under the treaty, their presence on the island is perfectly legal, so long as they obey Norwegian laws. One of their assignments: to discourage Norwegian interest in the Kola Peninsula's military installations...
Delegates to last week's I.P.I. meeting in Oslo generally deplored UNESCO's intrusion into the developmental-journalism debate, which some of them claimed violates the agency's charter and lends unwarranted legitimacy to Third World press-bashing. Many Western journalists admit, however, that their coverage of the developing world could be improved. U.P.I., for instance, has more full-time correspondents in London (14) than in all of Latin America (12), and NBC does not maintain a bureau anywhere in Africa. "We concede that an imbalance of information exists in some parts of the world," says U.P.I...
Press Pool. The 250 Western publishers and broadcasters who gathered in Oslo last week for the 26th annual conference of the International Press Institute, however, are worried that the movement could become a campaign to replace straight reporting about the developing world with government-approved propaganda. At last fall's United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's General Conference in Nairobi, the Third World bloc tried to push through a Soviet-backed proposal endorsing greater government control of the international flow of news (a U.S. lobbying effort stalled the motion). The bloc did succeed, however, in gaining...
...underwhelming presence of Western correspondents in the Third World is in large part the fault of the developing nations themselves. Most of them are one-party states or outright dictatorships, with a tightly controlled domestic press, and little patience for Western notions of free inquiry. I.P.I. officials in Oslo reported last week that 31 governments, most of them developing countries, expelled, harassed or denied visas to foreign correspondents last year. Says Gerald Gold, deputy foreign editor of the New York Times: "They are complaining about the very guts of American journalism, which is to look at things with a hard...