Word: ottoman
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Coming at a time when Turkey is worried about Cyprus and courted by Russia, the resignation last week of Foreign Minister Fuad Koprulu had international overtones. But Dr. Koprulu was specific: "My resignation has no connection with external problems." An Ottoman scholar and a member of a distinguished family (which produced several Grand Viziers), Koprulu, 66, had stepped down from the government for reasons that were even more fundamental than foreign policy: the growing instability of the country and its government...
...conquered by Sargon II, and Darius before Alexander the Great captured it m 333 B.C. Later it became Roman. But for centuries after the division of the Roman Empire, Cyprus was subject chiefly to the rule of the Byzantine Empire, which was culturally if not politically Greek. The Ottoman Turks, who conquered Constantinople in 1453, began their 300-year rule of Cyprus in 1570-71. Greece, itself conquered by the Ottomans in 1460, did not win its independence as a modern nation until the 1820s, when it began its long agitation to reunite its scattered peoples. In 1878 that great...
...Promised independence after the Ottoman Empire collapsed in 1918, Syria was mandated to France, which claimed an "interest" in the area dating from the Crusader kingdoms founded there by Prankish knights in the 11th century. In May 1941 Gaullist General Georges Catroux drove out Vichyite administrators and proclaimed Syria's independence. By 1944 France had shifted most powers to the Syrians, and when the last troops withdrew in April 1946 Syria was completely independent-France's first postwar loss of empire...
Black-Tent Kingdom. Winston Churchill, Britain's Colonial Secretary after World War I, created Jordan. He whacked an elbow-shaped hunk off the defunct Ottoman Empire and handed it to the Hashemite Emir Abdullah, "one Sunday afternoon in Jerusalem," as he later said, for the Emir's fighting services to Britain in the desert campaigns against the Turks. Abdullah ruled his arid waste spaces as a Bedouin black-tent state, with three courtiers alternating as Premier at the royal pleasure, and a British proconsul in the Lawrence-of-Arabia tradition commanding the British-equipped Arab Legion. Lieut. General...
Last February Iraq became the first of the new Arab nations to break away from Middle East isolationism and to cast its lot openly with the West in the Baghdad pact. That decision was largely made by one man, Premier Nuri es-Said, 67, onetime officer in Ottoman Turkey's army, who is regarded by many as the ablest statesman in the Middle East. Last week Nuri was busy putting together a new administration. In one of those sudden flare-ups that happen in the Middle East (and rate a baffling, brief paragraph in the U.S. press), Nuri...