Word: ottoman
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...Chapin Jr. managed to encompass broad spans of time in his maps and yet keep them easily readable. His Roman map, for instance, ranges from the time of the Punic Wars through Constantine, and his Islam map from Mohammed to the last days of the Ottoman Empire...
...important few. The eight pages of maps that follow show the restless flow of conquest across this ancient sea: the days when it was Rome's mare nostrum, then Islam's crescent empire, at last the shared hegemony of three great empires-British, French and Ottoman. Now once again it is a fragmented place; there is no peace; and the Mediterranean is again the center of history and the clashing of rival ambitions...
...World War I (1914-18) Pax Britannica, sickening, died. Europe poured out its blood into the muck of Flanders and France-2,706.154 casualties for the British; 4,974,000 for the French; 4,846,340 for the Germans-but carved new conquests out of the vanquished Ottoman Empire. The last of the Empire builders, Italy's Benito Mussolini, grasped vast Libya only to lose it, his nation and his own life, in World...
...khamsin is a baleful wind that flares out of the deserts, drying out the land and the people until the flesh fairly crackles. Under Ottoman Empire law, murder was held more pardonable if committed while the khamsin was blowing. Last week, as Jerusalem suffered under the worst khamsin since 1893, tempers and guns blazed along Israel's borders. In the thick of it were U.N. observers, who, without arms, are instructed to keep the peace...
...light of Menderes' record. One of the heirs of Kemal Ataturk's great emancipation of modern Turkey, he was a moving spirit in Turkey's Democratic Party, which in 1950 succeeded Ataturk's Republican People's Party and brought a liberalization of many Ottoman customs that had survived the Ataturk period. He was one of the country's best orators, and his phrases (and ideas) in those days had a Jeffersonian ring. Said he (in 1946): "Governments that do their work well should have no reason to be afraid of freedom of the press...