Word: overly
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Over recent decades the trade became concentrated in the Far East, where ivory ornaments are highly prized. Until this year's trade curbs, Japan, the largest consumer, took in some 40% of the world's ivory, in contrast to about one-third for the U.S. and Europe together. Last year...
There is considerable mystery about how the ivory gets from Africa to the Far East. Over the past decade, as much as four-fifths of that ivory has been of illegal origin -- poached, then smuggled. Sometimes the poachers cross borders to hunt, as from Somalia into Kenya or Zambia into...
The trade could not continue on such a scale without the collusion of African officials. "So many of Africa's functionaries are corrupt," says K.T. Wang, one of Hong Kong's major ivory traders. "If they get money, they say it's legal ivory. If they don't get money...
Over the decade, traders outmaneuvered attempts to regulate the trade by taking their tusks through nations that had not yet signed the CITES accord. In 1985 CITES agreed to register previously undocumented tusks in countries that promised to comply with the rules in the future. Such arrangements were made with...
As many as 30,000 Japanese draw their living from ivory -- as traders, carvers and merchants. But the import trade is controlled by a few. Two men, Takaichi in Osaka and Kitagawa in Tokyo, have accounted for as much as half the ivory entering Japan in recent years. Kitagawa, 47...