Word: overthrows
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Only Governor Dever stands between Massachusetts and the loosely drawn anti-Communist bill recently passed by the State Senate. This bill defines a subversive organizations as one formed "for the purpose of advocating, advising, counseling, or inciting the overthrow of the government by force or any other unlawful means." Anyone who remains in a subversives, organization, rents an auditorium to subversives, or contributes to a subversive organization is liable for fines up to $1,000 and three years in jail. Any person converted of being a subversive is able to a $10,000 fine and one year in jail...
...Bevis' first step has been to deny a Quaker pacifist the right to speak at Ohio. Perhaps Dr. Bevis does not like Quaker pacifists. But to infer that the Quaker's purpose was "the overthrow of our government" is palpably ridiculous. The "overthrow" idea, however, was the trustees' criterion for curbing freedom of speech, and it was thus what Dr. Bevis had to adhere to in his ban. As a state institution, it is natural that Ohio's trustees and Dr. Bevis should try to determine what constitutes inciting to overthrow. But it is not their business...
...Constitutional law, where "overthrow of the government" is tempered by the Clear and Present Danger clause, restriction of speech is valid. In the country's universities, however, where the unfettered exchange of ideas is essential, free speech must not be hampered. This becomes most important in a world which is frightened and looking for danger. Freedom of assembly and of speech in our educational institutions cannot be dependent upon the day-to-day prejudices and opinions of one group...
Following a long and noisy debate, the House decided to modify the original bill, drawn up by Representative Paul A. McCarthy. It struck out the words "Communist and Communist sympathizers," and agreed to hold college presidents responsible for the dismissal of any professor seeking to "overthrow the government...
Since a president would be under penalty of $1,000 to $3,000 for failing to fire anyone of his staff whom he suspects of seeking to overthrow the government by force, colleges would operate under an atmosphere of fear and suspicion. Presidents would be wary of keeping outspoken radicals teaching under them, since the state shows an alarming tendency to give a loose interpretation of "overthrow by force and violence...