Word: ovum
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...clear-cut conclusion: "Limiting or spacing of children is a morally valid thesis . . . There appears to be no moral distinction between the means now known and practiced-whether by the use of estimated periods of fertility [i.e., "rhythm" system], or of artificial barriers to the meeting of sperm and ovum [i.e., contraceptives], or indeed of drugs which would, if made effective and safe, inhibit or control ovulation in a calculable...
...test-tube babies are only the beginning. "What would become of the notion of maternity," Rostand asks, "if surgeons transplanted a fertilized ovum or a young embryo from one woman to another? If a woman bore a child that was not genetically hers, who would be the real mother? Would it be she who carried the child or she who furnished the germ cell...
...biology develops there may come a time when a child can develop from an ovum whose nucleus has been removed and replaced by the nucleus of another individual. The genetic mother in this case would be the person who supplied the substitute nucleus. This changeling nucleus can come from a person of either sex. Thus if the father supplied the nucleus and also fertilized the ovum, he would be the child's only genetic parent...
...object, they report in the Illinois Medical Journal, was a lithopedion (stone child), a petrified fetus of three to four months' gestation. The doctors' conclusion: what had troubled Mrs. W. 37 years ago was not the flu but an ectopic pregnancy, in which the fertilized ovum had lodged in one of the Fallopian tubes. As the fetus grew, it burst the tube and escaped into the abdominal cavity. This explained the seizure during dishwashing. Gradually the fetus had become completely calcined...
...these days, science may come to the rescue. Geneticist Manuel Gordon of Michigan State University has succeeded in partially controlling the sex of unborn rabbits. His system depends on the fact that when a mammalian ovum is fertilized, the sex of the individual into which it will develop is determined by the sperm that does the fertilizing. Half the sperm cells have X chromosomes, which produce females. The other half have Y chromosomes, which produce males. So a way to start to control sex might be to separate the sperm cells into X and Y fractions before insemination...