Word: ownership
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Residents--or at least, the older and better heeled among them--have long pushed for some sort of program. There is a highly stable core of old-times (the rate of home ownership is ten times that in central Harlem), and they have a strong sense of community. They have set up dozens organizations -- the area is dotted with signs reading "Support Your Block Club"--and welded them, together with an array of civic-action and church groups, into the powerful Central Brooklyn Coordinating Council...
...William Widnall of New Jersey could count on at least 100 votes. The bill also drew a scathing assault from HUD Secretary Robert Weaver, who blasted it as "totally unsupported by any factual analyses as to the kind and amount of subsidy that would be required for workable home ownership by poor families." Weaver's nine-page critique seemed to reflect a possessiveness about the urban problems that no federal program has yet begun to solve...
...Polish surveys of 1958 and 1961 showed also a rise in the acceptance of some form of socialism--a socialism, however, which tended implicitly to be identified with certain economic and social welfare programs associated with Western social democracy (state ownership of industry, free medical care). Much less evident was an identification of socialism, as actual economic and social programs, with Marxism-Leninism; rather, Marxism-Leninism was identified with ideology. Yugoslav surveys in 1960 and 1965 indicate that in each case about three-fourths of the sample ex- pressed a "completely positive or partly positive attitude towards the fundamental elements...
...with nationalization of industry or with the Soviet system, which no democratic socialist would call a socialist system at all. While capitalism as an economic system is identified in readings such as Dorfman and Friedman with liberty itself, socialism is viewed merely as a technical economic question of government ownership. "By reducing the term to a simple description of a way of organizing an economy," notes Michael Harrington, a democratic socialist, "the meaning that the socialist movement itself (gives) to its ideal (is radically narrowed). In Western European history and, above all, in the American socialist vision of Eugene Victor...
Western businessmen may still be wary. Yugoslavian firms are unalterably state-owned, run by managers vaguely responsible to "supervisory councils" of workers elected by the rank and file. Foreign partners will receive no legal ownership status-not even a seat on the often obstreperous workers' councils, which have been known to vote themselves unconscionable wage increases. As far as a voice in management goes, investors can lay down policy guidelines when they sign initial contracts with individual Yugoslav companies; thereafter they will be pretty much limited to keeping unofficial advisers at the Yugoslavian managers' elbows...