Word: oxygen
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...doubts after her efforts to help clean up the sport made headlines at the Edmonton championships. During the heats of the 5,000 m she held up a homemade banner reading "epo cheats out" to protest the inclusion of Russia's Olga Yegorova, who had tested positive for the oxygen-boosting drug, erythro-poetin, and was banned, but was reinstated on a technicality. Radcliffe doesn't regret her stand. "That protest was not against Yegorova," she says. "It was against all epo cheats. The testing impetus and development had stood still. I feel this helped turn the tide." In April...
Skeletal muscle is divided into two different types. PGC-1 is found naturally in type I, or “slow-twitch,” fibers, which are responsible for endurance and are fueled primarily by oxygen...
Easily fatigued type II muscle fibers, known as “fast-twitch” muscles, are fueled by the breakdown of sugar. When the protein is introduced to fatigued type II muscles, it supplies the fibers with the mitochondria they need to produce energy from oxygen...
Another impediment is the cost and supply of the platinum particles that catalyze, or kick off, the process. Think of them almost as matchmakers, encouraging every oxygen atom to mate with two hydrogens, releasing valuable energy with each reaction. That is the heart of the fuel cell...
...alternative to fossil fuel, everyone loves hydrogen fuel cells, which produce clean energy out of hydrogen and oxygen. But hydrogen, while abundant in the air, isn't widely available in refined form. And machines that run on hydrogen are equally scarce. Researchers at the Tokyo Institute of Technology have been working on the first problem, automakers on the second. The Tokyo group has developed a way to "crack" hydrogen, using a mesh of thin carbon fibers studded with molecules of a nickel compound. The filter breaks down natural gas into carbon and hydrogen that is pure enough...