Word: oxygenate
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...majored in Asian languages as an undergraduate, is passionate about anything, it is blood. Not only because it is, as Goethe observed, "a very special juice," the fluid pumped by our hearts through arteries, veins and capillaries, and without which the body's cells would be starved of oxygen and nutrients; nor only because he knows blood transfusions save lives; nor simply because 70% of those transfusions are administered by anesthesiologists...
Erythropoietin is usually the drug of choice for bloodless medicine because of its stimulative effect on red-blood-cell production. Hormones and vitamin B12 are also prescribed to encourage cell production. Doctors may employ a hyperbaric chamber to flood patients' blood with higher concentrations of oxygen so that they can better withstand surgical procedures and low blood levels, while oximetry devices and other noninvasive monitoring equipment keep close watch over oxygen levels...
Other factors make bloodless surgery increasingly attractive. Transfusions can suppress the immune system, for example, leaving a patient open to infection, slower healing and a longer recovery time. "Also, banked blood, after it's cooled and stored, doesn't have the capability of fresh blood to transport oxygen," says Shander. "We're just beginning to understand what it is we do when we give a transfusion." Finally, there is the cost: at around $500 for each transfusion, plus administrative add-ons, the total bill comes to between $1 billion and $2 billion annually, more than enough incentive to consider alternatives...
...well be the development of artificial blood. The quest for a blood substitute reaches back to the 17th century, when scientists tried to transfuse animal blood and other products into humans. Several blood substitutes are undergoing clinical trials in the U.S. and Europe, and one, which seems to carry oxygen like its genuine counterpart, has been tested successfully in heart-surgery patients in Europe...
Morton may well have performed an even more remarkable service to modern medicine by establishing a link between metabolic disorders like glutaric aciduria and cerebral palsy. Most practitioners have long believed that oxygen deprivation or trauma at or before birth causes cerebral palsy, a motor disorder that reflects injury to the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. But Dr. Karin Nelson at the National Institutes of Health, as well as colleagues at other research centers, has concluded that these causes do not explain most cases of the disease. "Holmes Morton has given us fresh insight into the source of cerebral palsy...