Word: oxygenate
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What could have caused such indiscriminate carnage? Marauding comets, exploding stars, greenhouse warming, ice-age cooling, sea-level drops, sea-level rises, ocean stagnation, oxygen depletion--every calamity imaginable has been invoked to explain the Permian extinction. But none of these agents of doom, argues geologist Paul Renne, director of the Berkeley Geochron ol ogy Center in California (and lead author of the Science article), comes as close to explaining what happened at the end of the Permian as the rampant, prolonged volcanism that created the terrace-like formations known as the Siberian Traps...
DIED. ALISON HARGREAVES, 33, Scottish mountaineer; on K2, in Pakistan. The first woman to scale Everest without using oxygen, Hargreaves was hit by an avalanche on the world's second-highest peak...
...technological developments: engineer Otis Barton's 1930 invention of the bathysphere--essentially a deep-diving tethered steel ball--and the invention of scuba (short for "self-contained underwater breathing apparatus") by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan in 1943. Swimmers had been trying to figure out how to get oxygen underwater for thousands of years. Sponge divers in ancient Greece breathed from air-filled kettles; bulky-helmeted diving suits linked by hose to the surface first appeared in the 1800s. But it wasn't until scuba came along that humans, breathing compressed air, were able to move about freely underwater...
...scientists on the scene, at least in a virtual sense, through video images piped in real time through the fiber-optic cable. Researchers can gather around a monitor and discuss what they are seeing without distractions. "You're focused," says Ballard. "You're not thinking, 'Is there enough oxygen in here? I've got a headache. I just hit my head. I've got to go to the bathroom...
...corticosteroid drugs. What makes the disease so dangerous is that it can kill in a matter of minutes. Every now and again, for reasons that are not entirely clear, the bronchioles overreact to the presence of allergens. The walls of the airways clamp down, shutting off the supply of oxygen to the heart, the brain and the rest of the body. "It's as if there were a cork in the bronchial tube," explains Dr. William Busse of the University of Wisconsin Medical School. "Air does not move...