Word: oxygenate
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...civilians and 3,500 airmen work busily around a futuristic maze: three 135-ft. Atlas gantries on nearly completed pads, three more Atlas pads still being poured, eight Thor pads, 8,000-ft. bases for electronic tracking, a hangar-shaped missile-assembly building and a convenient liquid oxygen (LOX) factory...
...elevation, Morococha has an average atmospheric pressure (446 mm. of mercury) slightly more than half that at sea level. But its barrel-chested natives, after generations of exposure to perpetual oxygen shortage, have a lung structure and blood pattern especially adapted to extract full value from the last available whiff of oxygen (TIME, Jan. 20). They literally and habitually work like navvies with nary a huff or puff, even go to 16,000 ft. to "relax" by playing a murderously fast game of soccer...
...Questions. Key questions for the Air Force researchers were: 1) Would this adaptation help a spaceman to survive if he accidentally lost his oxygen supply, and 2) can a lowly sea-level type achieve the High Andean's resistance to oxygen deprivation-but in a matter of weeks instead of centuries? Helping Dr. Clark get the answers were Drs. Alberto Hurtado and Tulio Velasquez of Lima's Institute of Andean Biology...
Since Morococha is not high enough for his purpose Dr. Velasquez put local volunteers into an altitude chamber, exhausted the air until the pressure equaled that at 30,000 ft., then had them take off their oxygen masks. Whereas virtually all unacclimated lowlanders lose consciousness in less than three minutes under these conditions, half the Morocochans were able to take it indefinitely and thus made it possible for Dr. Velasquez to figure out average endurance. The break point came at 32,000 ft. in this experiment; only one volunteer wore down the researchers by failing to black out. The rest...
...took students from sea-level Lima to Morococha, found that after a few weeks they could work as hard as the oldtimers. But the highland natives still had one advantage: their lungs worked only half as hard as the newcomers' because they were twice as efficient in extracting oxygen from the rarefied...