Word: oxygenated
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...went on to cite advances made in his own field of spectrophotometry and showed slides of the spectrum of light from Mars, which seem to indicate there is no oxygen on that planet. Mars' famed polar ice caps, he noted, are probably no more than frost "a few millimeters thick...
...crews had to last out months at sea, there would be none of the stench of diesel fuel and battery acid that fouled the air of early submersibles. Into George Washington and Patrick Henry went 300-ton capacity air-conditioning equipment, air scrubbers and precipitants to remove irritants, and oxygen generators to enable the subs to manufacture their own habitable environment. Bunks were designed for comfort, no-lint skivvies procured to keep the air filters clear; wide-screen movie equipment and exercise gear were installed. These Polaris subs were to be no "pig boats" of fragrant Navy memory...
Gases to Protein. Astronomers believe that the atmosphere of the early, lifeless earth had no free oxygen in it, but was made of gases like methane, hydrogen and ammonia. Scientists have also proved that when this gaseous mixture is put in a flask with a little water in the bottom, and an electric discharge is passed through it, the chemical reaction produces an accumulation of amino acids in the water. Since amino acids are the building blocks out of which proteins are made, and proteins are the chemical framework of all life on earth, the first chemical step toward life...
...Dust. Oxygen alone is not enough. As the crew breathes, it contaminates the air with exhaled carbon dioxide. In older subs the way to get rid of it was to absorb most of it in a caustic such as lithium hydroxide. The nuclear subs must have a far more elaborate system: secondhand air is passed through a liquid containing monoethanolamine, which absorbs carbon dioxide at room temperature, is then heated, and releases the gas so that it can be piped...
Even better equipment is in the labs. The Navy is working on a magical electrolytic cell containing a sodium sulphate solution. When an electric current passes through it, oxygen bubbles off from one electrode. An acid is formed in the solution at the same electrode, and a caustic accumulates at the other electrode. The caustic can be withdrawn and used to absorb carbon dioxide from the sub's atmosphere. When it is then remixed with the acid from the other electrode, the carbon dioxide separates and can be pumped out of the submarine. What remains is the same sodium...