Word: oxygenated
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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Russian Bugs. Not worth it, says a study group led by Biologist Norman Horowitz of the California Institute of Technology. In a report in Science, the scientists argue that Mars has too little oxygen or water and too much ultraviolet radiation to support the growth of earthly organisms, and that Venus apparently has surface temperatures high enough to kill any earthly bugs. In any event, the report says, there is little chance that organisms entrapped within solid structures in the spacecraft could work their way free. Thus it is important only to kill microorganisms on the exposed surfaces...
...identified," they said it was "most probably" caused by a faulty conductor in an equipment bay under Grissom's couch. Apparently, current from the conductor "arced"-or spurted-to another object, and the blaze began. Almost immediately, it raged out of control in the cabin's 100% oxygen atmosphere, which was capable of turning any spark into a conflagration. Some 70 Ibs. of inflammable materials such as nylon netting and chemical coolant fed the flames...
...estimated in advance, and the exercise that cost three lives was too routinely regarded. If the usual safety checks for an actual launch had been run on the day of the simulation, the accident probably would not have occurred. In future simulations, such checks will be run. Also, pure oxygen will not be used at 16 Ibs. per sq. in. during routine manned ground tests as it was that day: the higher pressure meant that the fire spread five times as fast as it would have in a normal atmosphere. A new quick-opening hatch is also being designed...
Moreover, its electronic organs are computer-programmed to simulate virtually all the symptoms and physiological responses the anesthesiologist may encounter during an actual operation. From a nearby console, which monitors such things as the gas rate and the amount of oxygen in the blood, the instructor can suddenly introduce lifelike problems merely by pushing a button. Sim One can be made to vomit, suffer heart arrest, go into shock, react to drugs...
...addition, the orbiting, disabled ship would pass near Cape Kennedy only two or three times per day. Should a countdown be delayed long enough for the "rendezvous window" to close, the rescue ship would have to delay its flight for hours. Thus, unless the astronauts were well supplied with oxygen and in no immediate danger, the rescuers might arrive too late. NASA officials also point out that it would cost at least $1 billion to provide standby spacecraft, launch pads and rescue crews during a space flight...