Word: oxygenated
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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Over the past two or three decades, scientists have noticed with growing alarm that vast stretches of coastal waters are turning into dead zones - patches of seabed so depleted of oxygen that few creatures, if any, can survive there. In 2004, the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) took stock of the phenomenon - which is caused in large part by agricultural runoff - and pronounced it one of the biggest environmental problems of the 21st century. Two years later it noted that the number of identified dead zones, some of which cover thousands of square miles, had climbed from...
...them. Much of the world's fish supply is already troubled due to overfishing, dying reefs and the disappearance of marshland, mangrove forests and other coastal environments that serve as breeding grounds and nurseries for many valuable species. Biologists haven't been able to figure out how much oxygen depletion alone contributes to the decline of teetering fisheries - the question is hotly debated in marine-science circles these days - but few experts would disagree that an increase in dead zones can only be a detriment...
...accept only low-risk patients, which excludes women with diabetes, high blood pressure, multiple births or any other risky condition. Most midwives--who typically charge from $1,000 to $5,000 per birth, significantly less than the cost of a hospital delivery--travel with basic emergency medical equipment, including oxygen, resuscitation gear and medication to stop hemorrhaging. And all insist they practice preventively and know when--and how--to get a woman to a hospital...
Take, for example, the case of a prolapsed umbilical cord. In roughly 1 out of every 300 births, the cord slips down into the birth canal before the baby does and risks cutting off the baby's oxygen supply. Kitty Ernst, an expert on midwifery at the Frontier School of Midwifery and Family Nursing in Hyden, Ky., says midwives are trained to push the baby's head back up off the cord and hold it there--the same way an obstetric nurse would--and get Mom to the hospital as an operating room is being prepared for her. "Your hand...
...atmosphere when it accumulated as snow. They can tell how much carbon dioxide was in the air during a given time period (roughly seven years with each layer, because in the porous firn - unlike the frozen ice below - air from different years can mix over time), and by analyzing oxygen isotopes inside the firn, they can tell the temperature as well. Johnsen and Hansen bring a core to surface, through a hole 60 m deep - it's a bit like ice fishing. What comes out of the driller is brilliant and glistening in the Arctic sunlight, crystalline. It's solid...