Word: oxygenated
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...boarded the Airbus A300 owned by former Indian Airlines engineer B.C. Gupta. Take, for example, the safety demonstration. After asking for a volunteer from the 120 or so kids crammed, some two to a seat, in the plane's economy-class cabin, flight attendant Ridhi Sehgal explains how the oxygen masks work. A plastic deck chair appears and Sehgal helps the volunteer, a worried-looking boy of 7, up onto it so that the other passengers can see him. "This is just for show," Sehgal explains. "You don't have to stand on your chair; the oxygen will drop down...
...Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, they sampled pints of donated blood from banks and healthy volunteers, subjected them to 26 different analyses and found dramatic deficiencies in levels of nitric oxide (NO). A workhorse component of normal blood, NO is responsible for helping red blood cells ferry oxygen to tissues and for propping open tiny vessels. A shortage of the gas could lead to precisely the kinds of heart problems the team was investigating...
...hours of leaving the body, the research showed, a unit of blood loses up to 70% of its NO; by the time the blood reaches its "use by" expiration date 42 days later, the gas is almost nonexistent. "The reality is, we are giving patients blood that cannot deliver oxygen properly," says Stamler...
...responsible for this added risk, those percentages had already been disturbing enough to persuade physicians to change what is known as their transfusion trigger. As a rule, they introduced donated blood as soon as the patient's hematocrit--a measure of the proportion of the blood made up of oxygen-carrying red cells--fell below the normal range of 45%-55%. Lately, however, they have begun waiting until it drops to less than 30% before transfusing...
...blood that's on the shelves. Working with dogs, Stamler has shown that the heart-attack rate drops when depleted blood is replenished with liquid NO. Human premature babies born with underdeveloped lungs are already being exposed to gaseous NO to help their tissues get the oxygen they need. For now, the American Red Cross, which oversees the 14 million units of stored blood, is awaiting more studies before changing its processing and storage practices...